Victoria Falls
The largest waterfall in the world.
Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls, known locally as Mosi-oa-Tunya or "The Smoke That Thunders," is the largest waterfall in the world, one of the most iconic and awe-inspiring natural wonders. Straddling the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia, this UNESCO World Heritage Site captivates visitors with its sheer scale, thunderous roar, and the perpetual mist that gives it its evocative name. Whether you’re drawn to the geological history, adrenaline-pumping adventures, or the serene wildlife experiences, Victoria Falls delivers an unforgettable African escape.
Origins of the Falls
Victoria Falls was formed over millions of years through a combination of geological activity and river erosion. The Zambezi River, which begins its journey in north western Zambia, has carved through layers of basalt rock formed from ancient volcanic eruptions. Over time, fault lines and natural erosion have shaped the deep gorges and the wide chasm of the Falls.
The current face of the falls began to take form around 150,000 years ago, as the river found its path through cracks and fissures. As the water eroded softer rock, the falls gradually retreated upstream, creating the zigzag series of gorges visible today.
How Big Is Victoria Falls?
The largest sheet of falling water on Earth, the Victoria Falls measures;
Width: Approximately 1,708 meters (5,604 feet)
Height: Roughly 108 meters (354 feet)
Flow Rate: Varies by season, peaking at around 500 million litres per minute during the wet season.
During peak flow (usually around April), the massive spray can be seen from over 30 kilometres away, forming rainbows in the mist and soaking everything nearby. This incredible volume and display earn the falls their thunderous reputation.
Getting There
Victoria Falls can be accessed from either Zimbabwe or Zambia, with both countries offering unique vantage points and experiences. As a spectacle, the best vantage point for a direct view of the falls is from the Zimbabwean side.
From Zimbabwe
Victoria Falls Airport (VFA): Located just 18 km from the falls. It receives direct international flights from Johannesburg, Cape Town, Addis Ababa, and Nairobi.
By Road: Commonly accessed from Botswana (Kasane, 1.5-hour drive) or Namibia’s Caprivi Strip.
From Zambia
Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport (LVI) in Livingstone is about 11 km from the falls and is serviced by flights from Lusaka, Johannesburg, and Nairobi.
By Road: Travelers often cross from Botswana’s Kazungula border post into Livingstone.
A convenient border crossing connects the two towns (Victoria Falls and Livingstone), allowing visitors to explore both sides of the falls with a KAZA Univisa.
Wildlife
Victoria Falls is surrounded by national parks and protected reserves, making it a prime location for wildlife lovers. The Zambezi National Park (Zimbabwe side) and Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park (Zambia side) are home to a range of species.
Commonly Sighted Animals:
Elephants: Large herds gather along the Zambezi, especially in the dry season.
Buffaloes: Frequently seen grazing in open grasslands.
Hippos & Crocodiles: Common in the Zambezi River and its tributaries.
Baboons & Vervet Monkeys: Often spotted near tourist areas.
Antelope: Including impala, kudu, and waterbuck.
Birdlife: Over 400 species, including the African fish eagle, kingfishers, and the elusive Taita falcon.
Safari drives, walking safaris, and river cruises offer excellent chances for wildlife sightings.
Things to Do
Victoria Falls is not just a sightseeing destination; it’s an adventure capital of Africa. Activities are available for thrill-seekers and serenity-lovers alike.
Air-Based Activities
Helicopter Flights ("Flight of Angels"):
Offers bird’s-eye views of the falls, Batoka Gorge, and the Zambezi River.
Ideal for photography and a dramatic introduction to the landscape.
Microlight Flights:
A thrilling open-air flight over the falls (Zambia only).
Only available in the dry season due to safety regulations.
Land-Based Activities
Guided Walking Tours:
Well-paved trails on both sides of the falls provide multiple viewpoints.
Raincoats often provided—prepare to get soaked!
Game Drives & Walking Safaris:
Explore nearby national parks with expert guides.
Bungee Jumping:
From the Victoria Falls Bridge (111 meters), one of the most scenic jumps in the world.
Ziplining & Gorge Swings:
Fly over the Batoka Gorge or swing across a vast canyon.
Cultural Visits:
Explore traditional villages or visit the Livingstone Museum for insights into local history and culture.
Water-Based Activities
White-Water Rafting:
On the Zambezi River below the falls, considered one of the world’s best rafting experiences.
Available during low-water months (typically August to December).
Sunset Cruises:
Relaxing boat rides with drinks and snacks, perfect for viewing hippos and elephants.
Devil’s Pool (Zambia side):
Swim at the edge of the falls during low-water months (August–December).
Only accessible with licensed guides.
Best Places to Stay
Victoria Falls offers a wide array of accommodations, from luxurious lodges to budget-friendly backpacker lodges. Here are the top picks by category and location.
Zimbabwe Side
Victoria Falls Hotel:
A colonial-era hotel with views of the spray and access to the falls via private path.
Ilala Lodge:
Upscale boutique hotel close to town, walking distance to the falls.
Elephant Camp:
Luxury tented camp outside of town, known for sustainability and wildlife viewing.
Shoestrings Backpackers:
Social atmosphere for budget travellers with a pool and bar.
Zambia Side
Royal Livingstone Hotel:
Five-star luxury on the riverbank, with zebra and giraffe roaming the lawns.
Tongabezi Lodge:
Exclusive riverside lodge upstream of the falls.
Maramba River Lodge:
Affordable, comfortable, and close to the town and falls.
Jollyboys Backpackers:
Popular hostel with a lively, friendly vibe.
When to Visit
Victoria Falls is a year-round destination, but what you see—and what you can do—changes dramatically with the seasons.
Rainy Season (December to March)
Weather: Hot and humid, daily afternoon thunderstorms.
Falls: Water levels rise gradually; spray starts intensifying.
Best For: Lush landscapes, fewer crowds, lower accommodation rates.
Downsides: Some activities (like rafting) may be limited due to high water.
High Water Season (April to June)
Falls: Peak flow, massive spray creates rainbows and constant mist.
Best Views: Zimbabwe side offers more visibility due to trail positions.
Pros: Most dramatic and thunderous views.
Cons: Visibility may be obscured by mist; Devil’s Pool closed.
Dry Season (July to October)
Weather: Clear skies, warm days, cool nights—ideal weather.
Falls: Gradually decreasing water levels; best visibility in this period.
Activities: Perfect for rafting, game viewing, and Devil’s Pool.
Wildlife: Excellent sightings as animals gather around waterholes.
Low Water Season (November)
Falls: Lowest flow, particularly on the Zambian side (often dry).
Best For: Rock formations visible, unique photography opportunities.
Pros: Devil’s Pool is open; rafting at its best.
Cons: Falls may appear underwhelming to first-time visitors expecting full flow.
Tips for Visiting
Visa: The KAZA Univisa allows entry into both Zimbabwe and Zambia and day trips to Botswana. Ideal for falls visitors.
Rain Gear: Bring a poncho or waterproof jacket for walking the mist trail.
Currency: US dollars widely accepted in Zimbabwe; Zambian kwacha used in Zambia.
Vaccinations: Yellow fever not required unless arriving from endemic areas, but anti-malaria precautions are advised.
Safety: Both towns are relatively safe and tourist-friendly, but use common sense and avoid wandering into wilderness areas alone.
Final Thoughts
Victoria Falls is a destination that blends nature’s raw power with opportunities for luxurious relaxation and wild adventure. Whether you're flying over its misty plume, swimming at the edge of the abyss, bungee jumping for the thrill or simply soaking in the African sun with a cocktail on the Zambezi, it’s an experience that stays with you for a lifetime.
From geology to wildlife, and from seasonal subtleties to the rich culture surrounding it, Victoria Falls offers far more than just a waterfall—it’s a gateway to Africa's soul.
